1(a) DNA is replicated by separating into two strands at the replication fork. (b) DNA polymerase joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA and proofreads each new strand.
2(a) DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the form of a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm; DNA in eukaryotic cells is found in the nucleus, packaged into bigger, individual chromosomes. (b) If damaged DNA is replicated, the cell that receives it may have altered genes, which could lead to devastating consequences.
